32^nd Euro Congress on Cancer Science & Therapy March 07-08, 2019 Barcelona, Spain

Biography:

Leonel Alexander Rangel Reyna has completed his education at La Salle University Victoria and training in General Hospital “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez” in Mexico City. Currently, he is based in Ciudad Obregon, Sonora working on oncologic prevention with Binational Sonora Cancer Research Center (CICS) in Seattle/Sonora since 2016. He also works in the research area of the group identifying biologically and clinically relevant proteins for some neoplasia through immune assays as ELISA, ELISPOT, T-Cell Expansion, etc. Currently, he is in formation in the pathway to becoming a physician scientist to perform clinical relevant research in both pediatric and adult tumors, also he is involved in clinical oncology as attending physician.

Abstract:

Clinically speaking is mainly unknown the association of antibodies against Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and the prognosis in cancer patients. We studied (n=25) samples of breast cancer patients in different stages to address the possible link between high load viral titers using ELISA and we correlated with several clinical parameters including but not limited to OS, ECOG and stage. One of the possible pathways that the chronic presence of CMV in breast cancer patients can affect the outcome as potentially this type of virus may distract the immune system specially when the treatment is based with the combination of immunogenic chemotherapy, treat locally and systemically, multi-peptide active antigen specific immunotherapy and immunomodulation of cytokines. With this in mind we make a retrospective analysis identifying breast cancer patients (n=25), measuring the titers against CMV antigens and its relation with the mentioned clinical parameters. We found statistical significance in patients with high viral titles and OS. However, there is no pattern at this point with this preliminary data in all the studied cases, which may have to be related with the tumor microenvironment, breast cancer subtype and previous lines of ablative chemotherapy received as all of them where studied in refractory status as mentioned previously. This data could be useful to include for all cancer patients not just limited to breast cancer to include the titers of several viruses other than CMV such as EBV, HTLV-1/2, HCV, HBV and potentially some microbiota for instance Fusobacterium nucleatum. If we validate this data we will propose to include some broad spectrum antiviral agents in patients with potential clinical benefit.

Biography:

Guoxiong Xu is a Professor of Oncology, Scientist and Director of Center Laboratory at Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, China. He obtained his MD in the Faculty of Medicine at Shanghai Second Medical University in China; a Master degree in Medical and Pharmaceutical Research at the Free University of Brussels in Belgium and a PhD at York University in Canada. He has worked as a Clinician and Research Scientist at various universities and institutes. He has published more than 70 papers in peer-reviewed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of many scientific journals.

Abstract:

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological disease. Flotillin-1 (FLOT1) is a major protein of the component of lipid rafts involved in endocytosis, cell proliferation, cell adhesion, and receptor-mediated signal transduction. However, the role of FLOT1 in OC remains unknown. Current study defined FLOT1 as a novel serum biomarker of OC, improving the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy, and to determine FLOT1 expression in human ovarian tumors and its effect on OC cell proliferation. FLOT1 protein expression was assessed in a tissue microarray by immunohistochemical staining. We found that most ovarian malignant and borderline tumors were FLOT1 protein positive, whereas ovarian benign tumors and normal tissues were negative. The staining of FLOT1 was stronger in serous malignant tumor and transitional cell carcinoma and weaker in mucinous tumor. The differentially expressed FLOT1 in freshly isolated serous tumors was confirmed by Western blotting. By analysis of histological types, we observed that FLOT1 protein expression was significantly associated with serous tumor. Silencing FLOT1 by FLOT1-siRNA inhibited OC cell proliferation and arrested the cell cycle at S phase. Inhibition of FLOT1 increased cyclin E1 protein expression. Overexpression of FLOT1 partially rescued the FLOT1-shRNA-suppressed cell proliferation. Furthermore, we found that the concentration of serum FLOT1, as well as CA125, was significantly increased in patients with OC measured by ELISA. The combination of FLOT1 and CA125 increased the detection rate and sensitivity of OC. Thus, we demonstrated that FLOT1 is highly expressed in ovarian malignant tumor and is secreted into the serum of patients with OC. The suppression of FLOT1 decreases OC cell proliferation. These data suggests that a novel diagnostic panel of FLOT1 and CA125 may be used as an optimal tool to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of OC diagnosis. Targeting FLOT1 may potentially have a clinical application in the treatment of OC.

Biography:

Vincent Murray has been an Academic at the University of NSW since 1990. He has obtained his BSc (Hons) at Glasgow University, U K and his PhD at the National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK. He carried out Post-Doctoral Research at Princeton University, USA and at the Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia. He has been an active researcher in the field of molecular biology and cancer and his lab has concentrated on investigating the interaction of anti-tumor drugs with DNA. He has focused his research on several cancer chemotherapeutic agents including bleomycin, cisplatin and cisplatin analogues. Murray has published over 100 peer-reviewed papers.

Abstract:

Bleomycin is a glycopeptide that is utilized as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma and testicular cancer. It is thought that DNA damage is the main mechanism for the anti-tumor activity of bleomycin. In this study, next-generation DNA sequencing was utilized to investigate the effect of transcriptional activity on bleomycin cleavage. The main outcome of this study was that bleomycin preferentially cleaved at the transcription start sites (TSSs) of actively transcribed genes compared with non-transcribed genes in human cells. The enhanced bleomycin cleavage at TSSs correlated with the level of transcriptional activity. The pattern of bleomycin enhanced cleavage had peaks that were approximately 200 bp apart, and this indicated that bleomycin was identifying the presence of phased nucleosomes at TSSs. Hence bleomycin can be utilized to detect chromatin structures that are present at actively transcribed genes. The genome-wide cleavage of DNA by bleomycin analogues was also determined in human cells and it was ascertained that 6′-deoxy-BLM Z and ZBM preferentially cleaved at the transcription start sites of actively transcribed genes in human cells. The degree of preferential cleavage at the transcription start sites was quantified and an inverse correlation with the IC₅₀ values was observed. This indicated that the degree of preferential cleavage at transcription start sites is an important component in determining the cytotoxicity of BLM analogues. This study provided insight into the mechanism of action of this anti-tumor drug where actively transcribed genes were preferentially targeted. This information could be used to enhance the cancer chemotherapeutic activity of bleomycin. For example, down-regulation of the highly expressed genes that are targeted by bleomycin could enhance the anti-tumor activity of bleomycin.

Biography:

Itzia Xiuhnelly Nava Sanchez is a Medical Doctor with training at La Salle University, Victoria and Escandon Hospital in Mexico City. Currently, she is a Medical Doctor and Investigator of the Binational Sonora Cancer Research Center (CICS) in Seattle/Sonora. She has also performed clinical experience, providing medical attention to patients who enter to cancer prevention protocol, carrying out clinical history, physical exploration, orientation about primary, secondary and tertiary prevention according to the age and comorbidities of patients, obtaining blood samples and subsequently analyzing the results. In the research area, she attends the development of scientific projects with clinic relevance and performed experiments focused on patient's immune response against cancer. She is a Member of ASCO and ESMO. She has been involved in some published scientific articles of the OMA/CICS group and aspires to subsequently specialize in the area of pediatric oncology.

Abstract:

Kinetics of antigen binding influence how, potently antibodies attack strong enough tumor cells at the clinical level and contribute in combination with other therapies potentially better outcomes when we induce multiple antigen specific antibodies against multiple clinical relevant targets in progressive and refractory cancer patients with an ECOG=0-1. The potential of immunological assays such as peptide Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to predict affinity of antibody-antigen are mainly unexplored as many of the studies in cancer either for diagnosis, prognosis, etc. Most of the researchers assume that all the repertoire of antibodies, tumor associated antigens, recall antigens, etc. will behave equally. We decided to analyze by ELISA the kinetics of antigen-antibody binding at one, two, six, twelve, twenty four and seventy two hours without adding stopping solution. The study was retrospective and approved by the local ethic committee. We analyze (n=20) the kinetics of antibody-antigen reactions using clinically relevant immunogenic peptides such as RCAS1-A, VCP-4, SURVIVIN-A, Fascin-1, EGFR-D, Bcl2-A, SOX2-B and APE1-A in refractory cancer patients as following with breast cancer (n=2), pancreatic cancer (n=1), sarcoma (n=3), prostate cancer (n=2), ovarian cancer (n=1) and colorectal and colon cancer (n=1) and presumably healthy patients (n=10). With this proof of principle, the procedure was changed, adding the first antibody of each patient (serum dilution 1:200) and were incubated for 2 and 24 hours according with our preliminary results. We found statistical differences between different types of tumors, epitopes and two and twenty four hour’s kinetics. As preliminary conclusion, exposing the antigen-antibody interaction in two and twenty-four hours process in different subtypes of cancer, putatively predict the specific immune system behavior and the increase in titles in the reaction of an specific peptide at 24 hours might translate into greater maturity and memory of the immune system. However, an increased number of samples will be useful to clarify possible clinical associations.

Biography:

Magda Mohamed Sultan has completed her MD in Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Oncology in the National Cancer Institute at Cairo University in 1992. She was the Head of the Hematology Department of Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt for eight years from 2007-2015. She is an Emeritus Professor in the institute, teaching for doctors and master degrees students and she is the Head of Hematology Department at Alborg Lab in Alexandria since 1996. She has published more than 25 papers and she is arbitrator for many thesis and many published papers.

Abstract:

Most plasma cell tumors are composed of easily recognizable plasma cells and can be diagnosed in tissue sections without any difficulty. Morphological analysis of bone marrow aspirate or trephine for the assessment of volume of plasma cell infiltrate remains a cornerstone in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. In most cases the plasmacytic nature of the marrow infiltrate is readily apparent. However, some of these tumors may pose a considerable diagnostic problem as they may exhibit rare morphological variants, and unusual cytological and/or architectural features. Most of the morphological variants (including small cell, Mott Cell, multi-lobated, clear cell, pleomorphic and monocytoid ……..) have been documented in the literature but are not widely known amongst practicing hemato-pathologists. Awareness of these variants may help facilitate timely diagnosis. Hence, we provide a comprehensive review on this subject. And we are presenting some cases of multiple myeloma having variant morphology, as well as unusual architectural patterns admitted in our hematology department and diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration, bone marrow trephine biopsy and immuno phenotyping.

Biography:

Sina Ghanean has obtained his PhD in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. He has published more than seven papers in reputed journals and presented more than eight abstracts at prestigious national and international conferences. He has also participated in writing/editing five books/chapters in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Currently, his research interests are focused in discovering new methods for early diagnosis and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract:

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is considered one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting the oral cavity with broad spectrum of clinical appearances. SCC is considered as the sixth major cause of malignancy mortality worldwide and one of the ten most prevalent causes of death. Almost 500000 new cases occur each year worldwide. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is responsible for more than 90% of all oral malignancies. The most common sites of oral cavity involved are the tongue, followed by the floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa. Tobacco and alcohol are the two well acknowledged risk factors of OSCC. Clinical manifestations of SCC can actually be deceptive, such as an area of ulcerations or leucoplakic, granular or verruciform growth, all demonstrating possible surface changes, so they can easily be misdiagnosed as benign neoplasms or inflammatory lesions because of variable appearances. On the other hand, due to the proximity of the dentition, OSCC can be misdiagnosed at an early stage as a tooth-related inflammatory condition, such as periodontitis or an endodontic-related disease. Nevertheless, during histopathological assessment, problems may occur at all stages, from the processing of received tissues to the generation of the final report. These errors may occur due to inevitable limitations of histopathological diagnosis and staging; imprecision in histological detection and histological misapprehension. The aims of the presentation include: 1) to illustrate potential pitfalls and probable drawbacks and issues needing clarification in diagnosis process of OSCC 2) to draw attention to lesions mimicking OSCC and 3) to suggest, where achievable, practical solutions, progress and areas of further research to avoid misdiagnosis of OSCC.

Biography:

Neeraj Jain is an Associate Professor in Radiation Oncology at Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences, Amritsar. He is an Eminent Radiation Oncologist and participated in numerous national and international conferences and presented papers. He is the Vice Chairman of Indian College of Radiation Oncologists (ICRO). He is well versed in modern Radiotherapy techniques.

Abstract:

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) also known as stereotactic ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) is a newer modality of delivering radiation therapy for many primary and secondary tumors, with good results. Liver metastases from colorectal, breast and lung cancer are most common. Studies focusing on SBRT for liver metastases from a single primary tumor type colorectal cancer have been published. Regardless of age, patients should have good performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0-1 or Karnofsky >70), with absent or stable extra hepatic disease and adequate hepatic volume and function. Number of metastasis should be less than three and size less than 6 cm. Prescribed dose

is generally very high in range of 30 to 60 Gy in three fractions. The toxicity profile is generally low with a G3 toxicity rate of 1-10% and the incidence of Radiation Induced Liver disease less than 1%. The most common G2 toxicities included a transient hepatic enzyme levels increase over three months of SBRT and gastrointestinal, soft-tissue and bone complications, related to lesions close to the duodenum, bowel, skin and ribs. Duodenal ulceration and intestinal perforation is observed in patients with maximum doses greater than 30 Gy in three fractions to the duodenum and bowel. In few patients, non-traumatic rib fractures were experienced for maximum doses of 51.8 Gy and 66.2 Gy in six fractions to 0.5 cm³ of rib. Local control rates varied from 70% to 100% at one year and 60% to 90% at two years and correlated to lesion size <3 cm.